Setting Up a Linux Modem

By Stephen Bucaro

Almost all modems manufactured today are software modems,
usually referred to as "winmodems". Even though we pay a
lot for a winmodem, they are cheap to manufacture because
they use very little electronics. The functions that
should be performed in hardware are emulated by software.
This places an extra processing burden on your computer's
CPU. Winmodems will not work with Linux unless you can
locate a special "Linmodem" driver.

A hardware modem contains its own on-board controller and
DSP circuits. This takes a major processing load off your
computer's CPU. A hardware modem will make your dial-up
connection work much faster. Hardware modems are difficult
to find and very expensive. Hardware modems will work with
Linux.

Some hardware modems known to work with Linux:

Zoom 2920 Fax Modem 56K PCI $76.00
Actiontec PCI56012-01CW 56K Voice Faxmodem PCI $75.00
ActionTec PCIV921201CW Call Waiting Internal V.90/V.92 Modem $59.99

On rare occasions Linux will locate and configure your
modem during installation, but most likely you will have
to configure it manually. If your computer is plug-and-play
(PnP) compatible, the BIOS should detect the modem on
power-up and allocate resources to it. To determine which
resources were allocated to the modem, log in as root and
click on the "Terminal emulation program" button on the
task bar. In the terminal window that appears, type the
following command:

cat /proc/pci

In the screen output that results, locate the entry for
your modem. Below is a possible example:

Bus 0, device 9, function 0:
Unknown class: Lucent (ex-AT&T) Microelectronics
Unknown device (rev 0).
Vendor id=11c1. Device id=480.
Medium devsel. Fast back-to-back capable. IRQ 11
Master Capable. No bursts. Min Gnt=252. Max Lat=14
Non-prefetchable 32 bit memory at 0x80100000 [0x8010000].
I/O at 0xdc00 [0xdc01]
I/O at 0xe000[0xe001]
I/O at 0xe400[0xe401]

Record the IRQ number and the first I/O address.

Linux uses a device file to communicate with a modem.
Device files are located in the /dev directory. A modem
must use one of the serial ports (/dev tyS0 - /dev tyS3).
First determine which serial port to use for the modem.
You should use ttyS1 because ttyS0 is usually assigned to
a back panel connector.

To configure the serial port, use the setserial command
with the information that you recorded above. Using the
example values above, you would type the following into
the terminal window:

setserial /dev tyS1 uart 16550A port 0xdc00 irq 11

You can verify that the modem is working by sending it the
command to dial. For example type the following into the
terminal window:

echo "atdt5555555" > /dev tyS1

If you hear the modem dial, close the connection by typing:

echo "atz" > /dev tyS1

If you didn't hear the modem dial, make sure you have the
modem speaker turned on by typing:

echo "atv" > /dev tyS1

Then try dialing again.

To have Linux automatically configure your modem at boot
time, add the setserial line that you used above to the
file /etc/rc.d/rc.local

Assuming that you are using the GNOME window manager, click
on the "foot" icon on the taskbar to open the menu. Select
"Programs" and open the "File Manager". In File Manager,
navigate to the directory /etc/rc.d and right-click on the
file rc.local. Select "Open with..." in the popup menu. In
the "gmc" dialog box, select "gnotepad+" and click on the
"OK" button. At the bottom of the file, type the setserial
command line and then save the file.

For complete information about modems related to Linux,
visit "Winmodems are not Modems" at:

http://www.idir.net/~gromitkc/winmodem.html

Sometimes configuring a modem is not as easy in Linux as
it is in Windows, but the alternative is to continue to
use Windows and beg for Bill Gates permission to upgrade
your hardware (XP product activation).

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